Language Delays & Disorders

Language Delay

A language delay occurs when a child begins speaking later than other children their age but does not show delays in other areas of development. These children, often called "late talkers," may experience difficulty with expressing themselves verbally, understanding language, or both. Some may have a smaller vocabulary and find it challenging to form sentences, while others might also struggle with comprehending language.

Typically, toddlers start saying their first words around 12 months and use two-word phrases by age 2. By age 3, many children can use up to 1,000 words and speak in short sentences. However, each child develops at their own pace, and speech or language delays can sometimes go unnoticed, especially if the child is progressing well in other areas.

A speech delay is identified when a child is not meeting typical communication milestones, commonly recognized during the toddler years. Children with a speech delay might use only a few words or may not speak at all. Some common signs include:

• Difficulty using words or gestures to communicate needs and feelings

• Frustration when trying to express themselves

• Trouble imitating sounds or words

• Using fewer words compared to peers of the same age

• Challenges understanding and following spoken directions

Language Disorders

Language disorders generally fall into two main categories, and recognizing the differences can help ensure your child receives the appropriate support.

Expressive Language Disorder:
Children with this type of language difficulty find it challenging to use words effectively. They may struggle to learn new vocabulary, put words together to form sentences, tell stories clearly, or express their wants and needs. Although they understand what they want to communicate, organizing their thoughts into clear speech can be frustrating for them.

Receptive Language Disorder:
Children with receptive language challenges have trouble understanding the meaning of words they hear or read. They may find it hard to follow directions, grasp questions, or interpret what others are saying. This difficulty with comprehension can lead to responses that seem off-topic or confusing.

Some children experience difficulties with both using and understanding language. This is known as a mixed expressive-receptive language disorder, where the child has trouble both expressing themselves and comprehending language from others.